Erbitux contains cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of specific types of cancer, particularly those affecting the colon, rectum, and head and neck. It is a targeted therapy that works by interfering with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is often overactive in cancer cells. Erbitux is used either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the stage and type of cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the extracellular domain of the EGFR, preventing the activation of the receptor by its natural ligands. By blocking EGFR signaling, Erbitux inhibits key cellular pathways that drive cancer cell growth, survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Additionally, it may trigger immune-mediated cell death by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In cancers with wild-type RAS genes, this mechanism proves particularly effective.

Uses

Erbitux is commonly used in the treatment of:

• Metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with wild-type RAS gene, usually in combination with irinotecan-based chemotherapy or as a single agent

• Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, often in combination with radiation therapy or as monotherapy in recurrent or metastatic cases

• It may also be considered for off-label use in certain EGFR-expressing cancers under specialist supervision

  Adverse Effects

  Common side effects

  • Acne-like skin rash, especially on the face and upper trunk

  • Fatigue

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhea

  • Low magnesium levels