Cetuxa 100 mg contains cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of specific cancers, particularly those that express the epidermal growth factor receptor, or EGFR. It is most commonly prescribed for colorectal cancer and head and neck cancers, especially when the cancer cells rely on EGFR to grow and survive. Cetuximab is usually given as an intravenous infusion under the supervision of a healthcare professional, often in combination with chemotherapy or radiation, depending on the treatment setting.

Mechanism of Action

Cetuximab works by targeting and binding to EGFR, a protein present on the surface of some cancer cells. EGFR is involved in transmitting signals that tell the cells to grow and divide. When cetuximab binds to EGFR, it blocks these signals, which can slow down or stop the growth of the cancer cells.

In addition to blocking growth signals, cetuximab also activates immune cells to recognize and attack the tumor through a process known as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This dual action makes cetuximab effective in shrinking tumors and delaying disease progression.

Importantly, its use is most effective in patients whose tumors do not carry mutations in the KRAS gene, as such mutations can render EGFR-targeted treatments less effective.

Uses

Cetuxa is indicated in the treatment of:

• Metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy

• Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, used with radiation therapy in locally advanced disease or as a single agent in cases where chemotherapy is not suitable

• Recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy

  Adverse Effects

  As with all cancer therapies, cetuximab may cause side effects. Most are manageable, but some require close medical attention.

  Common Side Effects

  • Acne-like skin rash, especially on the face and upper body

  • Fatigue

  • Nausea

  • Diarrhea

  • Nail changes or dryness of the skin

  • Low magnesium levels in the blood