Petaxel contains paclitaxel, a well-established chemotherapy medicine used in the treatment of several types of cancers. It belongs to a group of drugs known as taxanes, originally derived from natural sources such as the Pacific yew tree. Paclitaxel works by targeting cancer cells that divide rapidly, which helps to stop the spread and growth of tumors.

Petaxel is typically given as an intravenous infusion in a clinical setting, either alone or as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Its use has become central in treating cancers like breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and certain types of lung cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Paclitaxel works by disrupting the normal function of microtubules in cells. Microtubules are essential for cell division, and paclitaxel stabilises them so they cannot break down and rearrange. This action blocks the cancer cell’s ability to complete the process of mitosis, eventually leading to cell death.

Since cancer cells divide more frequently than most normal cells, they are more sensitive to this disruption, which makes paclitaxel particularly effective against fast-growing tumors.

Uses

Petaxel is indicated in the treatment of several malignancies, especially when tumors are aggressive or resistant to other therapies. It is most commonly used in:

• Breast cancer, either after other treatments have not worked or in combination with targeted therapies

• Ovarian cancer, especially after platinum-based chemotherapy

• Non-small cell lung cancer, typically used with other drugs

• Pancreatic cancer, often alongside gemcitabine

• Kaposi’s sarcoma, particularly in patients with AIDS-related disease

  Adverse Effects

  As with most chemotherapy drugs, Petaxel can cause a range of side effects. Some are mild and manageable, while others may require dose adjustments or additional care.

  Common Side Effects

  • Hair loss, which may be temporary

  • Fatigue or weakness

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Decreased blood cell counts, which can increase risk of infections or bleeding

  • Numbness or tingling in hands and feet due to nerve irritation

  • Muscle and joint pain