Olumiant contains baricitinib, an oral medication primarily used to manage inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is part of a newer class of medicines that target specific pathways involved in immune system overactivity. Olumiant is typically prescribed for patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded well to other therapies. It has also been used in certain cases of severe COVID-19 and alopecia areata under medical supervision. This medicine offers a more targeted approach with convenient oral dosing compared to some traditional injectable therapies.

Mechanism of Action
Baricitinib works by selectively inhibiting Janus kinase enzymes, particularly JAK1 and JAK2. These enzymes are part of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in the activity of various cytokines involved in inflammation and immune responses. By blocking this pathway, baricitinib reduces the activity of immune cells that cause inflammation and tissue damage, especially in the joints and skin. This helps control symptoms and slow disease progression in autoimmune conditions.

Uses
Olumiant is used to treat the following conditions:

• Rheumatoid arthritis: In adults with moderate to severe disease who have had an inadequate response to one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs

• Alopecia areata: An autoimmune condition causing hair loss, where baricitinib may help promote hair regrowth

• COVID-19: In certain hospitalised patients, baricitinib may be used to manage severe inflammation when other treatment options are limited, often in combination with antiviral therapy or corticosteroids

  Adverse Effects
  While Olumiant is effective, it may cause some side effects. Common ones include respiratory tract infections, nausea, increased cholesterol levels, and elevated liver enzymes. Some patients may also experience headaches or acne. More serious but less common risks include blood clots, serious infections, and liver damage. There is also a potential increased risk of certain cancers with long-term use. Doctors usually recommend regular blood tests to monitor liver function, blood counts, and cholesterol levels during treatment.