Glivec, containing the active ingredient imatinib, is a targeted cancer therapy that revolutionised the treatment of certain types of blood and gastrointestinal cancers. It is classified as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is taken orally in tablet form. Glivec is widely recognised for its role in managing chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Its design allows it to specifically block the signals that drive the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells.

Mechanism of Action
Imatinib works by selectively inhibiting specific tyrosine kinases—enzymes that are involved in the signaling pathways responsible for cell growth and division. In chronic myeloid leukemia, a particular abnormal tyrosine kinase called BCR ABL is formed due to a genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Imatinib binds to this enzyme and prevents it from sending signals that promote the production of abnormal white blood cells. In gastrointestinal stromal tumours, it targets the mutated c KIT or PDGFRA proteins, halting their ability to support tumour growth.

Uses
Glivec is mainly used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia across various phases of the disease. It is also approved for use in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, and certain rare conditions such as hypereosinophilic syndrome, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and systemic mastocytosis. It is often used as a long-term oral therapy and can be part of first-line treatment or used when other treatments have failed.

Adverse Effects
Common side effects of imatinib include nausea, muscle cramps, swelling around the eyes or in the lower limbs, fatigue, skin rashes, and abdominal discomfort. Some patients may experience low blood counts, which can increase the risk of infection or bruising. Liver function changes and fluid retention are also possible, requiring regular monitoring. While generally well tolerated, serious adverse events such as heart or kidney complications are rare and often manageable with early detection. Close medical follow-up helps ensure safety and treatment success.