Abalam is a fixed-dose combination of two antiretroviral medications: abacavir and lamivudine. Both belong to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which are essential in the management of HIV infection. This combination simplifies treatment by offering two active ingredients in a single tablet, making it easier for patients to stick to their daily therapy and achieve long-term viral suppression.

Mechanism of Action:
Abalam works by targeting the virus at an early stage of its replication process:

• Abacavir is converted inside the body into its active form, which gets incorporated into the viral DNA chain and stops it from growing, blocking the virus from multiplying.

• Lamivudine also works by mimicking the natural building blocks of DNA and interrupting the formation of new viral genetic material.

  Uses:
  Abalam is used in the treatment of:

  • HIV-1 infection in adults, adolescents, and children weighing at least 25 kilograms.

  • It is typically part of a combination antiretroviral therapy to improve effectiveness and reduce the chance of the virus developing resistance.

  • It may also be used in switch therapy when a patient is stable on other regimens and meets specific clinical criteria.

    Adverse Effects:
    Abalam is generally well tolerated, but like all medicines, it may cause side effects:

    • Common effects may include headache, nausea, tiredness, diarrhea, or fever.

    • Hypersensitivity reaction is a serious and potentially life-threatening side effect linked to abacavir. Symptoms may include rash, fever, stomach pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue. Anyone starting this medicine should first be tested for the HLA-B*5701 gene to avoid this risk.

    • Lactic acidosis and liver problems are rare but serious risks associated with both ingredients.

    • Changes in fat distribution or mild liver enzyme changes may occur with long-term use.