Plaquenil is the brand name for hydroxychloroquine, a medication originally developed to prevent and treat malaria. Over the years, it has found an important place in managing autoimmune conditions due to its immune-modulating effects. Plaquenil is commonly used in the long-term treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, helping to reduce inflammation, pain, and disease activity.

Mechanism of Action

Hydroxychloroquine works in several ways depending on the condition it is used for. It interferes with the communication between cells of the immune system and reduces the production of substances that cause inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, this helps control the abnormal immune response that leads to tissue damage.

In malaria, the drug accumulates in the parasite and disrupts its ability to digest and process red blood cells, eventually leading to the parasite’s death.

It also has mild effects on the skin and joints, which is why it is helpful in diseases like lupus and arthritis.

Uses

Plaquenil is prescribed for a variety of conditions including:

• Long-term management of rheumatoid arthritis

• Treatment and prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus

• Control of discoid lupus, which mainly affects the skin

• Prevention and treatment of malaria, especially in areas where the malaria parasite remains sensitive to this medication

• Occasionally used in other autoimmune or inflammatory disorders under specialist guidance

  Adverse Effects

  Plaquenil is generally well tolerated when used under regular medical supervision, but it can cause side effects in some individuals. Common or notable ones include:

  • Nausea or mild stomach upset, especially when starting the medicine

  • Headache or dizziness

  • Skin rashes or increased sensitivity to sunlight

  • Changes in mood or sleep patterns

  • Retinal toxicity, which can lead to vision changes if the drug is used for long periods without eye monitoring

  • Muscle weakness or tingling in rare cases