Tenolam E is a fixed-dose combination tablet used in the management of HIV-1 infection. It contains three antiretroviral medicines: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, efavirenz, and lamivudine. These three drugs belong to two different classes of antiretrovirals and work together to suppress the virus. Tenolam E offers a complete once-daily regimen, particularly suitable in settings where fixed-dose simplicity and effectiveness are key to ensuring long-term adherence.

Mechanism of Action
Each component in Tenolam E plays a distinct role in stopping HIV replication:

• Tenofovir and lamivudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). They block the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which HIV uses to convert its RNA into DNA. By mimicking the building blocks of viral DNA, they prevent the virus from completing its replication.

• Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It binds to a different site on the reverse transcriptase enzyme, changing its shape and preventing it from working properly.

  Uses
  Tenolam E is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents weighing at least 40 kilograms.
  It is commonly used for:

  • First-line therapy in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV

  • Patients who prefer or need a single-pill, once-daily regimen

  • Long-term maintenance of viral suppression

    Adverse Effects
    While Tenolam E is effective and convenient, it can cause side effects, especially in the early stages of treatment.

    Common side effects include:

    • Dizziness, vivid dreams, trouble sleeping

    • Tiredness, headache, and mood changes

    • Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and diarrhea

    Efavirenz, in particular, is known for central nervous system effects, which can include anxiety, confusion, and unusual dreams. These often decrease over time but can be bothersome for some individuals.